notes+and+homework

=__Conduction in action (10-1B) Page. 432 LAB__=

//**Question:** How can you invest the rate of conductivity through different metals?//

-Four 8 cm conduction bars ( Aluminum, Carbon, Copper, Tin, Zinc, Lead) -Felt pen -ruler -wax strips or candles -matches -hot plate -brick or block of wood -stopwatch -graph paper -coloured pens or pencil crayons
 * Materials:**

See Book
 * Procedure:**


 * |||||||| Time ||  ||   ||
 * Distance || Aluminum || Carbon || Copper || Tin || Zinc || Lead ||
 * 0 cm || 0 sec || 0 sec || 0 sec || 0 sec || 0 sec || 0 sec ||
 * 2 cm || 6 sec || 22 sec || 30 sec || 3 sec || 7 sec || 9 sec ||
 * 4 cm || 20 sec || 52 sec || 106 sec || 16 sec || 18 sec || 16 sec ||
 * 6cm || 29 sec || 91 sec || 148 sec || 35 sec || 27 sec || 28 sec ||
 * 8cm || 60 sec || 112 sec || 160 sec || 52 sec || 76 sec || 44 sec ||



1) Because the wax that wasn't above the flame was melting as well. 2) A) Some meterials took longer than others but in the end the wax managed to melt on all the different types of materials. 2) B) Tin>Aluminum>Lead>Zinc> Carbon>Copper
 * Analyze:**

1) As the particles inside the conductor heat up they start moving around very quickly and this continues all the way though the item. 2) Copper, Because it conducts heat the slowest so the piece that I'm holding to stir the mixture wont burn my hand.
 * Conclude and Apply**

=__P.461 Q:20__=

A) The albedo of a city would be much higher than albedo to a forested area. this is due to the fact that many materials that we use to construct buildings have high albedo. B) White rock C) Because it was not listed as one of the high albedo materials, also due to it's light colour. D) Tar E) Because the pale colour shingles would reflect light better making it a lot cooler as the black tar would absorb the heat taking it longer to cool down. F) The materials that we use (concrete, asphalt & roof shingles) have different thermal properties, so they can absorb and retain more heat than other surfaces. This heat is then transferred to the air through conduction. G) It helps by transferring heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion.

**Question:** How did the continents fit together before Pangaea broke apart?

 * Purpose :** Use various pieces of evidence to reconstruct the supercontinent Pangaea.


 * Materials :** See page 515


 * Procedures :** See page 515


 * Analyze**

1. I think that Africa, South America, India and Antarctica were the easiest to place.mostly because the shape of the continents gave a clear idea of where to place them

2. The continents with the animal indicator things were to the easiest to join because they had pictures of animals that fit together and outlines of paths that were pretty easy to connect to eachother. al you really had do is group the animals together to give you an idea of where the continents should be placed

3. a) I found India to be pretty awkward to place alkong with the angle that Australia was at

b) The animal chart thing and the shape of the continent.

= =
 * Conclude and Apply**

1. a) I put all the continents in the general area that they are on a current day map then i pushed them all together like a puzzle. after that I kind of connected the animal path thing with the animals grouped together as well. after that I asked for help for the best fit of the continents.

b) The process i took was similar to Wegener's because we both analyzed the shape of the continents and concluded which ones would have been attached and also looked at the indications of the mountain range etc..

2.I used several pieces of evidence to piece together the map because in some parts of the continents were not the same than other parts did not have the same stuff on it In some parts of the map there were no fossils and in other there were no mountain ranges etc..

3. a) North America may connect to Asia and Africa may even touch Australia.

b) the ecosystem would be damaged to climate change. The seasons would be more extreme then what we have now.


 * Conclusion**

In this activity i learnt where all the continents were, and how they were connected. It also gave me an idea on how the world may look in the future.

= =

=__Questions # 6-15 p.481 & Questions # 6-18 P.460__=

Questions # 6-15 p.481
6) They study fossils, tree rings, sediment from the bottom of a river.

7) A region with a certain type of plant life, soil, geography, and climate

8) The main difference among the two is that El Nino is when the waters off the coast of Peru get warm where as La Nina cooler than normal water to the surface of the eastern pacific ocean.

9) A) our climate temperature would increase because we would be closer to the equator (Capricorn) B) it would be the same effect, it would get hotter due to the fact that we would be closer to the equator (cancer)

10) Depending on the wobble it may increase or decrease the climate temperature.

11) The temperatures on average would fluctuate largely between day and night. the reason for this is that when the sun's rays hit the ground and trees, the dirt heats up and warms the air quickly but at night the heat from the sun goes away quickly, making the temperature very cold.

12) If a large meteor was to hit earth, it would hit it at such a high velocity that it would send particles, & dust into the air blocking solar radiation that heats our planet, so it would get colder.

13) The shape of earth's orbit would influence the climate because the further away we are from the sun the colder it would be.... If you look at the picture to the right, if we were near the bottom of the oval shape, earth's climate would be colder

14) That the earth will most likely continue to get warmer.

15) A) fall or winter

B) A

C) B

D) B,C

Questions # 6-18 P.460
6) B

7) it would be a Kelvin scale

8) No it is a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen 21% oxygen 78% nitrogen and the other 1% is composed of many types of gases.

9) A) Stratosphere B) Troposphere

10) They would slow down as it cooled.

11) Yes it is, temperature rates this energy in Kelvin, Fahrenheit, or Celsius.

12) Because there isn't as much atmosphere weight on top of it.

13) The higher greater the difference between high and low the stronger the winds will be; High moves to low. Mass of high pressured air creates motion of molecules when it moves toward low pressure creating wind.

14) Similarities: Both create winds, work very similar

Differences: Low pressure travels over warm land or oceans, High pressure cools over ocean or cold region on land, Low pressure brings wet/ bad weather, high pressure brings warm/ good weather.

15) In the Northern Hemisphere, the Coriolis effect will cause things to veer to the right, relative to their direction. In the Southern Hemisphere, they veer to the left. This is most evident in wind patterns, ocean circulation, and the direction that toilets flush and sinks empty.

16) Areas with a lot of snow or any other reflective material will have high albedo, areas like forests will have low albedo.

17) Similarities: Both made of wind, both very destructive, Both vary in size and power

Differences: Formed differently, tornados spin Hurricanes don't

18) A) it's moving towards william's lake B)because there is a stationary front there c)Because the fronts carry the water from the ocean onto the mainland

= = =__**#15) p.537 &** # 12-21 p.538-539__=

b) Rift Eruption c) Shield Volcano
 * 15)**a) Composite Volcano

**p.538-539** **# 12 - 21**

 * 12)** Continental Drift Theory

B)Divergent C)Transform
 * 13)** A) convergent


 * 14)** Subduction does not occur in continental-continental plate convergence (subduction is what forms volcanoes), volcanoes are not formed in transform plate boundaries because the rocks slide past each other.


 * 15)** they provide provide evidence because if you look at some mountain ranges that began on one continent, end at a coastline, and then appear to continue on a continent across an ocean. This shows that the continents were once attached.


 * 16)** there would be no plate movement. We believe that mantle convection are one of the things that cause plate movement.


 * 17)** Volcanoes are formed on top of hot spots where magma breaks through from earth's core; this provides evidence that the earth is not rock all the way through.


 * 18)** Because that is where subduction occurs. If a dense continental plate collides with a oceanic plate, the oceanic plate will dive under the lighter continental plate, this is known as subduction. this is where Volcanoes are created.


 * 19)** If a rift eruption were to happen in southwestern British Columbia vancouver and the some parts of the lower mainland it would be showered by lava.


 * 20)** It is hard to study earthquakes as they occur because every earthquake is unique and has it's own set of forces and geological structures.


 * 21) a)** Trench
 * b)** Volcanic island arch
 * c)** Litosphere
 * d)** Oceanic crust
 * e)** Asthenosphere